SAP OData to MCP Server for BTP🚀

🎯 Project Goal

Transform your SAP S/4HANA or ECC system into a conversational AI interface by exposing all OData services as dynamic MCP tools. This enables natural language interactions with your ERP data:

• "Show me 10 banks" → Automatically queries the Bank entity with $top=10
• "Update bank with ID 1 to have street number 5" → Executes PATCH operation on Bank entity
• "Create a new customer with name John Doe" → Performs POST to Customer entity
• "List all purchase orders from this week" → Applies $filter for date range on PurchaseOrder entity

🏗️ Architecture Overview - 3-Level Progressive Discovery

graph TB
    A[AI Agent/LLM] --> B[MCP Client]
    B --> C[SAP MCP Server]
    C --> D[SAP BTP Destination]
    D --> E[SAP System]

    C --> F[Level 1: Lightweight Discovery]
    F --> G[Minimal Service/Entity List]
    C --> H[Level 2: Full Metadata]
    H --> I[Complete Entity Schemas]
    C --> J[Level 3: CRUD Execution]
    J --> K[Authenticated Operations]

    style A fill:#e1f5fe
    style C fill:#f3e5f5
    style E fill:#e8f5e8
    style F fill:#fff3e0
    style H fill:#e8eaf6
    style J fill:#e0f2f1

Core Components:

1. 🔍 Level 1 - Discovery: Lightweight search returning minimal service/entity lists (token-optimized)

2. 📋 Level 2 - Metadata: Full schema details on-demand for selected entities

3. ⚡ Level 3 - Execution: Authenticated CRUD operations using metadata from Level 2

4. 🔌 MCP Protocol Layer: Full compliance with MCP 2025-06-18 specification

5. 🌐 HTTP Transport: Session-based Streamable HTTP for web applications

6. 🔐 BTP Integration: Seamless authentication via SAP BTP Destination service

3-Level Approach Benefits:

• Token Efficient: Level 1 returns 90% less data than full schemas
• Progressive Detail: Fetch full schemas only when needed
• Better LLM Experience: Smaller responses, clearer workflow
• Reduced Context: From 200+ tools down to just 3

✨ Key Features

🎨 Natural Language to OData

• Smart Query Translation: Converts natural language to proper OData queries
• Context-Aware Operations: Understands entity relationships and constraints
• Parameter Inference: Automatically maps user intent to tool parameters

🔄 Dynamic CRUD Operations

• Read Operations: Entity sets with filtering, sorting, pagination
• Create Operations: New entity creation with validation
• Update Operations: Partial and full entity updates
• Delete Operations: Safe entity deletion with confirmation

🚀 Production-Ready

• Session Management: Automatic session creation and cleanup
• Error Handling: Comprehensive error handling with user-friendly messages
• Logging: Detailed logging for debugging and monitoring
• Security: DNS rebinding protection, CORS, Helmet security

📊 Real-Time Metadata

• Service Catalog: Live discovery of available services
• Entity Schemas: Dynamic schema generation from OData metadata
• Capability Detection: Automatic detection of CRUD capabilities per entity

🏛️ System Architecture

┌─────────────────────┐    ┌───────────────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────────┐
│                     │    │                           │    │                     │
│   🤖 AI Agent       │    │   🖥️  SAP MCP Server     │    │   🏢 SAP            │
│   - Claude          │◄──►│   - Service Discovery     │◄──►│   - OData Services  │
│   - GPT-4           │    │   - CRUD Tool Registry    │    │   - Business Logic  │
│   - Local LLMs      │    │   - Session Management    │    │   - Master Data     │
│                     │    │   - BTP Authentication    │    │                     │
└─────────────────────┘    └───────────────────────────┘    └─────────────────────┘
                                           │                                       
                                           ▼                                       
                           ┌───────────────────────────┐                          
                           │                           │                          
                           │   ☁️  SAP BTP Platform    │                          
                           │   - Destination Service   │                          
                           │   - Connectivity Service  │                          
                           │   - XSUAA Security        │                          
                           │                           │                          
                           └───────────────────────────┘

🎯 Use Cases

📈 Business Intelligence Queries

User: "Show me top 10 customers by revenue this quarter"
→ Tool: r-CustomerService-Customer
→ Parameters: $filter, $orderby, $top

📝 Data Maintenance

User: "Update supplier ABC123 to have status 'Active'"
→ Tool: u-SupplierService-Supplier
→ Parameters: SupplierId="ABC123", Status="Active"

📊 Analytical Insights

User: "How many open purchase orders are there?"
→ Tool: r-PurchaseOrderService-PurchaseOrder
→ Parameters: $filter=Status eq 'Open'&$count=true

🔧 System Administration

User: "List all inactive users in the system"
→ Tool: r-UserService-User
→ Parameters: $filter=Status eq 'Inactive'

🛠️ Installation & Setup

Prerequisites

• Node.js 18.x or higher
• SAP S/4HANA or ECC system with OData services enabled
• SAP BTP account with Destination and Connectivity services
• TypeScript knowledge for customization

🚀 Usage Examples

Natural Language Queries

The MCP server automatically translates these natural language commands to the appropriate tool calls:

📋 Available Tools - 3-Level Architecture

The server exposes 3 progressive discovery tools instead of hundreds of individual CRUD tools:

Level 1: discover-sap-data

Purpose: Lightweight search for services and entities

Returns: Minimal data (serviceId, serviceName, entityName, entityCount)

Usage:

// Search for customer entities
discover-sap-data({ query: "customer" })

// Get all available services
discover-sap-data({ query: "" })

// Search in specific category
discover-sap-data({ query: "sales", category: "sales" })

Fallback: If no matches found, returns ALL services with entity lists

Level 2: get-entity-metadata

Purpose: Get complete schema for a specific entity

Returns: Full schema with properties, types, keys, capabilities

Usage:

// Get full schema for Customer entity
get-entity-metadata({
  serviceId: "API_BUSINESS_PARTNER",
  entityName: "Customer"
})

Output: All properties, types, nullable flags, maxLength, keys, capabilities

Level 3: execute-sap-operation

Purpose: Perform authenticated CRUD operations

Operations: read, read-single, create, update, delete

Usage:

// Read customers
execute-sap-operation({
  serviceId: "API_BUSINESS_PARTNER",
  entityName: "Customer",
  operation: "read",
  filterString: "CustomerName eq 'ACME'"
})

// Update customer
execute-sap-operation({
  serviceId: "API_BUSINESS_PARTNER",
  entityName: "Customer",
  operation: "update",
  parameters: { CustomerID: "123", CustomerName: "New Name" }
})

Workflow Example

1. discover-sap-data → "customer"
   ↓ Returns: List of customer-related entities

2. get-entity-metadata → "API_BUSINESS_PARTNER", "Customer"
   ↓ Returns: Full schema with all properties

3. execute-sap-operation → read/create/update/delete
   ✓ Executes operation with proper parameters

Protocol Version: 2025-06-18

Supported Capabilities:

• ✅ Tools with `listChanged` notifications
• ✅ Resources with `listChanged` notifications
• ✅ Logging with level control
• ✅ Session Management for HTTP transport
• ✅ Error Handling with proper error codes

Transport Support

• ✅ Streamable HTTP (recommended)
• ✅ Stdio for command line usage
• ✅ Session-based with automatic cleanup
• ✅ DNS Rebinding Protection

🔒 Security & Authentication

SAP BTP Integration

• Uses BTP Destination service for S/4HANA or ECC authentication
• Supports Principal Propagation and OAuth2
• Automatic token refresh and session management
• Secure credential storage in BTP

HTTP Security

• Helmet.js security headers
• CORS protection with configurable origins
• DNS rebinding attack prevention
• Request rate limiting (configurable)

Session Security

• Automatic session expiration (24h default)
• Secure session ID generation
• Session cleanup on server restart
• Memory leak prevention

📚 API Reference

Health Check

GET /health
{
  "status": "healthy",
  "activeSessions": 3,
  "discoveredServices": 25,
  "version": "2.0.0"
}

Server Info

GET /mcp
{
  "name": "btp-sap-odata-to-mcp-server",
  "protocol": { "version": "2025-06-18" },
  "capabilities": { "tools": {}, "resources": {} },
  "features": ["Dynamic service discovery", "CRUD operations"],
  "activeSessions": 3
}

Documentation

GET /docs
{
  "title": "SAP MCP Server API",
  "endpoints": {...},
  "mcpCapabilities": {...},
  "usage": {...}
}

🎬 Demo

See the MCP server in action:

⚙️ Environment Variable: Disable ReadEntity Tool Registration

To disable registration of the ReadEntity tool for all entities in all services, set the following in your `.env` file:

DISABLE_READ_ENTITY_TOOL=true

This will prevent registration of the ReadEntity tool for all entities and services.

⚡ Quick Start

• For local development and testing, see LOCAL_RUN.md
• For deployment to SAP BTP, see DEPLOYMENT.md